Spacer fabrics and method of making them



Jan. 2, 1962 N. HADDAD SPACER FABRICS AND METHOD OF MAKING THEM 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 25, 1958 INVENTOR lVAd'J/B //A 00/40 BY M K MV AIIOBNEY Jan. 2, 1962 N. HADDAD 3,015,148

SPACER FABRICS AND METHOD OF MAKING THEM Filed ApIll 23, 1958 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Ff- Z 33 5 /M #0 /Z0 /0060 6d 40 20 A)" A5 /7 /9 //2 //4//J A5 A70 /0 90 70 I 0 0 AZ /4 /6' k? INVEN TOR. A AJJ/E moo/10 BY w wATTORNEY United States Patent 3,615,148 SlPACER FABRICS AND METHOD 6FMAKING THEM Nassib Haddad, lselin, N.J., assiguor to United StatesRubber Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Apr.23, 1958, Ser. No. 730,358 13 Claims. (CI. 28-72) In United StatesPatent Re. 24,007 to Foster there are disclosed and claimed multi-plyfabrics. This invention relates to a novel multi-ply fabric and to amethod of making the same.

In the fabric of this invention, the yarns in one direction, referred toherein for convenience as the longitudinal direction, of the fabric aredivided into two groups. Those yarns in the first of these groups shrinka relatively great amount when subjected to a given shrinking treatment;the longitudinal yarns in the other group shrink at least 15% less thanthe longitudinal yarns in the first group under the given shrinkingtreatment.

Crossing yarns are interlaced with the longitudinal yarns in theaforesaid groups. The crossing yarns similarly are divided into twogroups. The crossing yarns in the first group shrink a relatively greatamount when subjected to the given shrinking treatment; the crossingyarns in the second group shrink at least 15 less than the crossingyarns in the first group under this shrinking treatment.

The fabric is divided into discrete areas. In any given area, the highshrink longitudinal yarns and the high shrink crossing yarns aredisposed on the same side of the low shrink crossing yarns and the lowshrink longitudinal yarns, respectively. Substantially all of the highshrink longitudinal yarns and of the high shrink crossing yarns in thegiven discrete area float over a plurality of low shrink crossing yarnsand low shrink longitudinal yarns, respectively.

At the borders of the discrete areas, the high shrink lonigtudinal yarnsand the high shrink crossing yarns pass from one side to the other sideof the low shrink crossing yarns and the low shrink longitudinal yarnsrespectively, so that in the contiguous areas surrounding any givendiscrefe area in the high shrink longitudinal yarns and the high shrinkcrossing yarns appear on the side of other low shrink crossing yarns andother low shrink longitudinal yarns, respectively, which is oppositefrom the side of the low shrinking crossing yarns and the low shrinklongitudinal yarns they appear on at the given discrete area.

Thus at any given area of the fabric the high shrink longitudinal andcrossing yarns will be at one surface of the fabric, and in thecontiguous areas the low shrink longitudinal and crossing yarns will beat that surface of the fabric. In the given area the low shrinklongitudinal and low shrink crossing yarns will be at the other surfaceof the fabric, and in the contiguous areas of that other surface thehigh shrink longitudinal and high shrink crossing yarns will besituated.

This fabric is shrunk, and the low shrink yarns buckle between thepoints where they pass from one side to the other of the high shrinkyarns to produce a very thick spacer fabric.

For a better understanding of the nature of this invention, referenceshould be had to the following detailed description of a specificembodiment thereof, when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawing forming a part hereof, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating the interlacings of theyarns in a fabric in accordance with this invention;

FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic view of the several yarns in one repeatof the pattern extending in one direction of the fabric of FIG. 1 andshowing their interlacings with the crossing yarns, and

FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic view of the crossing yarns showing theirinterlacings with the yarns of FIG. 2 in one repeat of the pattern ofthe fabric of FIG. 1.

Referring now to the drawing, there is shown a woven embodiment of afabric in accordance with this invention comprising warp yarns 1t), 20,3G, 40, 5t), 60, '70, 80, 91 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 and 160extending in parallel in one direction of the fabric, and interlacedweft yarns 11, 12, -13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,116 and 117 extending in parallel in the other direction of the fabricand interlaced with the warp yarns in a manner to be described. Thefabric illustrated forms one repeating unit with the 16 warp yarns andthe 16 weft yarns shown.

Selected warp yarns, namely 20, 40, 6t], 80, 100, 120, and 160 andselected Weft yarns, namely 11, 12, '15, 16, 19, 111, 114 and 115 arecapable of shrinking a relatively great amount under a given shrinkingtreatment. Preferably these yarns are heat shrinkable synthetic yarnswhich shrink at elevated temperatures an amount from 15% to 60% of theiroriginal length. Many heat shrinkable synthetic yarns having relativelyhigh shrinkages at elevated temperatures, and which consequently arewell suited for these yarns, are well known in the textile art. Examplesof fibers from which such yarns are made are: branched polyethylene (anoriented polymerized ethylene), as distinguished from the so-calledlinear polyethylene; Rhovyl (polyvinyl chloride); saran (a copolymer ofvinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride), the socalled high shrink type;Verel II (acrylonitrile copolymer); etc. In general the foregoing fiberswill shrink a substantial amount at temperatures at or below the boil(212 F.) and are eminently suitable for the relatively high shrink yarnsrequired by the fabrics of this invention. Other high shrink yarns arewell known which will shrink an equivalent amount at highertemperatures, e.g. yarns formed of blends of branched and linearpolyethylene, and they may be used in this invention with a suitableshrinking treatment.

Extending unidirectionally with the high shrink warp yarns 20, 40, etc.,are other warp yarns 1G, 30, 50, 7t), 90, 110, 13% and which shrink atleast 15 less than the high shrink yarns at the given shrinkingtreatment. Extending unidirectionally with the high shrink weft yarns11, 12, etc., are other Weft yarns 13, 14, 17, 18, 112, 113, 116 and 117which shrink at least 15% less than the high shrink yarns under thegiven shrinking treatment.

Many yarns are well known to the textile art which are suitable for thelow shrink warps and Wefts in the fabric shown. If the high shrink yarns2t 40, etc., and 11, 12, etc., are the preferred heat shrinkablesynthetic yarns, the low shrink warp yarns 13, 31 etc. and the lowshrink weft yarns 13, 14, etc. may be yarns which have low shrinkage atthe given elevated temperature shrinking treatment. For example, if theheat shrinking treatment is to be a shrinkage in boiling water, and oneof the yarns hereinabove mentioned which shrinks the requisite amountunder this treatment is selected for the heat shrinkable syntheticyarns, the following fibers may be used for the low shrink yarns: nylon;saran the socalled regular type; Dacron (an oriented polyester ofterephthalic acid with ethylene glycol); etc.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, it will be noted that one highshrink yarn alternates with one low shrink yarn in the warp direction ofthe fabric whereas in the weft direction of the fabric two high shrinkyarns alternate with two low shrink yarns. If desired one high shrinkweft may alternate with one low shrink weft, al-

3 though this would require a pick and pick loom to weave the fabric.

T he low shrink warp yarns 10, 30, 50 and 70 float first on one side ofa plurality of high shrink weft yarns 115, 114, 1'11 and 19 in onediscrete area 31 of the fabric, and at the contiguous discrete area 32float on the other side of a plurality of high shrink weft yarns 16, 15,12 and 11. Similarly the low shrink weft yarns 117, 1 16, 1'13 and 112float on the same side of a plurality of high shrink warp yarns 20, 40,60 and 80 in the discrete area 31 with the low shrink warp yarns 10, 30,etc.

At the contiguous discrete area 33 the low shrink weft yarns 117, 116,113 and 112 float on the other side of a plurality of high shrink warpyarns 100, 120, 140 and 160.

Similarly at the discrete area 32, other low shrink weft yarns 18, 17,14 and 13 float on the same side of a plurality of high shrink warpyarns 20, 40, 60 and 80 as the low shrink warp yarns 10, 30, etc.; andin the adjacent discrete area 34 the low shrink weft yarns 18, 17, 14and 13 float on the other side of a plurality of high shrink warp yarns100, 120, 140 and 160.

Similarly additional low shrink warp yarns 90, 110, 130 and 150 float onthe same side of high shrink Weft yarns 1'15, 114, 111 and 19 as the lowshrink weft yarns 117, 116, 113 and 112. In the contiguous discrete area34 the low shrink warp yarns 90, 110, 130 and 150 pass to the other sideand float over a plurality of high shrink weft yarns 16, 15, 12 and 11on the same side with low shrink weft yarns 18, 17, 14 and 13.

In the embodiment shown, the interlacing plan is such that if the highshrink warp and weft yarns were all removed, the remaining low shrinkwarp and weft yarns wound be found to interlace with each other in aplain weave. Conversely, if all of the low shrink Warp and weft yarnswere removed, the remaining high shrink warp and weft yarns wouldinterlace with each other in a plain weave also.

The fabric is divided into a multiplicity of discrete areas, e.g. 31,32, 33 and 34, etc. In any given discrete area, e.g., 31, the highshrink longitudinal yarns, 20, 40, 60 and 80 and the high shrinkcrossing yarns, 115, 114, 111 and 19 are disposed on the same side ofthe low shrink yarns, i.e., in area 31 the reverse side as seen in FIG.1, of the low shrink crossing yarns, 117, 116, 1113 and 112 and the lowshrink longitudinal yarns, 10, 30, 50 and 70 respectively. Each of thehigh shrink yarns in each discrete area floats over a plurality of, inthe embodiment shown four, low shrink orthogonal yarns.

At the upper and lower border of discrete area 31 the high shrinklongitudinal yarns 80, 60, 40 and 20 pass to the other side of the lowshrink crossing yarns. Thus, where the high shrink longitudinal yarnsappeared in area 31 under the four low shrink crossing yarns, in thearea 32 immediately above area 31, they appear above the four low shrinkcrossing yarns 18, 17, 14 and 13. Similarly, on the left and rightborders of area '31, the high shrink crossing yarns 115, 11-4, 111 and19 which in area 31 appear under the low shrink warp yarns pass to theface of the fabric seen in the drawing to float over a plurality of lowshrink longitudinal yarns. In the discrete area 33, yarns 115, 114, 111and 19 float over four yarns 90, 110, 130 and 150.

Thus in the discrete area 31 the low shrink yarns float primarily on theface of the fabric seen in the drawing, and in'the contiguous area 33[and in the contiguous area (not shown) to the right of area 31] and inthe contiguous area 32 [and in the contiguous area (not shown) beneatharea 31] the low shrink yarns float on the back of the fabric asseen inFIG. 1.

The fabric illustrated generally has a checkerboard appearance, but itwill appear to have twill lines of puffs extending diagonally throughareas 31 and 34 from lower left to upper right and the puff of discretearea 31 will appear to be connected to the next pufi at eachcorner alongthe diagonal because low shrink yarn interlaces with low shrink yarn 112and low shrink yarn -18, of two different discrete areas, at the sameside of the high shrink yarns before passing to the reverse side. Thereverse side of the fabric will appear to have a twill line of puffswhich runs through the point that is the lower left-hand corner of area33 and through the point which is the upper right-hand corner ofdiscrete area 32.

The fabric so produced, as it is received from the loom is subjected toa suitable shrinking treatment to contract the high shrink warp and weftyarns. Upon contraction of the high shrink warp and weft yarns, the lowshrink yarns are buckled alternately on opposite surfaces of the fabricso that any given warp or weft low shrink yarn is spaced a substantialdistance from the high shrink yarns first on one surface of the fabricand then is spaced a substantial distance from the high shrink yarns buton the other surface of the fabric.

The following specific embodiment will further illustrate the fabric ofthis invention. A fabric was woven with the weave shown in the drawingwith an average of 21.2 warp yarns per inch of .010" monofilamentso-called regular saran and an average of 21.2 warp yarns per inch of.008" monofllarnent so-called branched polyethylene. These warp yarnswere interlaced with an average of 13.5 wefts per inch of .010monofilament sc -called regular saran and with an average of 13.5 weftsper inch of .008 monofilament so-called branched polyethylene. Thefabric as it came from the loom weighed 5.08 ounces per square yard; thesaran weft crimp and the polyethylene weft crimp each was 3%, the saranwarp crimp was 8% and the polyethylene warp crimp was 4%. The fabric was0.0608 thick at 0.1 pound per square inch applied load.

he fabric received from the loom was immersed in hot water at atemperature of from 186-189 F. and shrinkage in the warp direction wascontrolled so as to permit it to shrink 20% in the warp direction. Afterthe fabric was removed from the firs-t shrinking bath, it wasredmrnersed boiling water (approximately 205 F.) and its shrinkage wascontrolled to permit it to shrink an additional 25% of its originallength (approximately 31% of its length after the first shrinkingtreatment). During both shrinking operations, the shrinkage in the weftdirection was not controlled.

After this treatment it was found the fabric had shrunk 44% in length(compared with a theoretical of 45%), and had shrunk 48% in width. Thefabric, aft-er shrinking, weighed 16.7 ounces per square yard, itsthickness at 0.1 pound per square inch applied load was 0.166, itscompressibility and resilience (measured as specified in Patent Re.24,007) was 13.1% and 52.1% respec tively, and its air permeabilitymeasured according to the method of ASTM test D737-46 was 597 cubic feetper square foot per minute at .1 of water.

The resultant fabric is a light, open weight fabric of great thickness.It resembles somewhat a checkerboard on each surface of the fabric, inwhich one square of the checkerboard is formed of puffed or corrugatedinterlaced warp and weft low shrink yarns, and the contiguous squaresare flat areas of high shrink yarns. The area which is a fiat square onone surface of the fabric is a puffed or corrugated square on the othersurface of the fabric.

Preferably the low shrink yarns are monofilament synthetic yarns havinga cross sectional dimension of from .001 to .050", e.g. a round yarnwith this diameter, or an oval yarn with a major axis less than .050"and a minor axis greater than .001, to give the fabric the resultantcompressibility and resilience desired for a spacer fabric.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protectby Letters Patent is: e

l. A fabric which comprises, first shrinkable yarns extending in onedirection of the fabric, other yarns extend ing unidirectionally withsaid first shrinkable yarns, said other yarns being such that they willbe longer by at least of their original length in the fabric than saidfirst shrinkable yarns after a given shrinking treatment, crossingshrinkable yarns crossing said first shrinkable yarns, additionalcrossing yarns extending unidirectionally with said crossing shrinkableyarns, said additional crossing yarns being such that they will belonger by at least 15 of their original length in the fabric than saidcrossing shrinkable yarns after said given shrinking treatment, saidfirst shrinkable yarns floating over a plurality of said additionalcrossing yarns first on a first side of said crossing yarns and thenfloating over a plurality of said additional crossing yarns on a secondside of said crossing yarns and passing back and forth in this wayrepeatedly along their length to -a first side and then to a second sideof said additional crossing yarns, said crossing shrinkable yarnsfloating over a plurality of said other yarns first on said first sideof said other yarns and then floating over a plunality of said otheryarns on said second side of said other yarns and passing back and forthin this way repeatedly along their length to a first side and then to asecond side of said other yarns, whereby said other yarns and saidadditional crossing yarns are capable of being buckled when said fabricis subjected to said given shrinking treatment to produce a spacerfabric.

2. A fabric which comprises, first heat shrinkable synthetic yarnsextending in one direction of the fabric, other monofilament yarnsextending unidirectionally with said first Shrinkable yarns, said otheryarns being such that they will be longer by at least 15 of theiroriginal length in the fabric than said first shrinkable yams after agiven shrinking treatment, crossing heat shrinkable synthetic yarnscrossing said first shrinkable yarns, additional monofil'ament crossingyarns extending unidirectionally with said crossing shrinkable yarns,said additional crossing yarns being such that they will be longer by atleast 15 of their original length in the fabric than said cross ingshrinkable yarns after said given shrinking treatment, said firstshrinkable yarns floating over a plurality of said additional crossingyarns first on a first side of said crossing yarns and then floatingover a plurality of said additional crossing yarn on a second side ofsaid crossing yarns and passing back and forth in this way repeatedlyalong their length to a first side and then to a second side of saidadditional crossing yarns, said crossing shrinkable yarns floating overa plurality of said other yarns first on said first side of said otheryarns and then floating over a plurality of said other yarns on saidsecond side of said other yarns and passing back and forth in this wayrepeatedly along their length to a first side and then to a second sideof said other yarns, said fabric being divided into a multiplicity ofdiscrete areas, said first shrinkable yarns and said crossing shrinkableyarns passing from one side to the other of said additional crossingyarns and said other yarns respectively at the boundaries of saiddiscrete areas, said first shrinkable yarns and said crossing shrinkableyarns being disposed at the same side of said additional crossing yarnsand said other yarns within said discrete areas, whereby said otheryarns and said additional crossing yarns are capable of being buckledwhen said fabric is subjected to said given shrinking treatment toproduce a spacer fabric.

3. A fabric in accordance with claim 2 wherein said first shrinkableyarns and said crossing shrinkable yarns interlace with each other wherethey appear on the same side of the fabric in said discrete areas.

4. A fabric in accordance with claim 3 wherein the first shrinkableyarns and the crossing shrinkable yarns interlace with each other in aplain weave, said other yarns and said additional crossing yarnsinterlace with each other in a plain weave, and wherein each shrinkableyarn in the fabric floats over four less shrinkable yarns repeatedly onone side and then the other of the fabric along its length.

5. A fabric which comprises, first shrunk yarns extending in onedirection of the fabric, other yarns extending unidirectionally withsaid first shrunk yarns, said other yarns being longer by at least 15%of their original length in the fabric than said first shrunk yarns,crossing shrunk yarns crossing said first shrunk yarns, additionalcrossing yarns extending unidirectionally with said crossing shrunkyarns, said additional crossing yarns being longer by at least 15% oftheir original length in the fabric than said crossing shrunk yarns,said first shrunk yarns floating over a plurality of said additionalcrossing yarns first on a first side of said crossing yarns and thenfloating over a plurality of said additional crossing yarns on a secondside of said crossing yarns and passing back and forth in this wayrepeatedly along their length to a first side and then to a second sideof said additional crossing yarns, said crossing shrunk yarns floatingover a plurality of said other yarns first on a first side of said otheryarns and then floating over a plurality of said other yarns on a secondside of said other yarns and passing back and forth in this wayrepeatedly along their length to a first side and then to a second sideof said other yarns, said other yarns and said additional crossing yarnsbeing buckled by the shrinking of said shrunk yarns.

6. A fabric which comprises, first heat shrunk synthetic yarns extendingin one direction of the fabric, longitudinal synthetic monofilarnentyarns extending unidirectionally with said first heat shrunk syntheticyarns, said synthetic monofilarnent yarns being longer by at least 15%of their original length in the fabric than the first synthetic yarns,crossing heat shrunk synthetic yarns crossing said first heat shrunksynthetic yarns, crossing monofilament synthetic yarns extendingunidirectionally with said crossing heat shrunk synthetic yarns, saidcrossing monofilament yarns being longer by at least 15% of theiroriginal length in the fabric than the first crossing synthetic yarns,said first heat shrunk synthetic yarns floatingover a plurality of saidcrossing monofil-ament synthetic yarns first on a first side of saidcrossing rnonofilarnent synthetic yarns and then floating over aplurality of said crossing monofilament synthetic yarns on a second sideof said monofilament synthetic yarns and passing back and forth in thisway repeatedly along their length to a first side and then to a secondside of said crossing monofilament synthetic yarns, said crossing heatshrunk synthetic yarns floating over a plurality of said longitudinalmonofilament synthetic yarns first on a first side of said longitudinalmonofilament synthetic yarns and then floating over a plurality of saidlongitudinal monofilament synthetic yarns on a second side of saidmonofilament synthetic yarns and passing back and forth in this Wayrepeatedly along their length to a first side and then to a second sideof said longitudinal monofilament synthetic yarns, said fabric beingdivided into a multiplicity of discrete areas, said first shrunksynthetic yarns and said crossing shrunk synthetic yarns passing fromone side to the other of said crossing monofilament synthetic yarns andsaid longitudinal monofilarnent synthetic yarns respectively at theboundaries of said discrete areas, said first shrunk syntheticyarns andsaid crossing shrunk synthetic yarns being at the same side of saidcrossing monofilament synthetic yarns and said longitudinal monofilamentsynthetic yarns within said discrete areas, said first shrunk syntheticyarns and said crossing shrunk synthetic years being interlaced witheach other where they appear on the same side of the fabric in saiddiscrete areas and said longitudinal monofilament synthetic yarns andsaid crossing monofilament synthetic years being interlaced with eachother where they appear on the same side of the fabric in said discreteareas, said monofilarnent synthetic yarns being buckled by the shrinkingof said heat shrunk synthetic yarns.

7. Fabric in accordance with claim 6 wherein said monofilament yarnshave a cross sectional dimension of from .001 to .050".

8. Fabric in accordance with claim 7 wherein the first shrunk yarns andthe crossing shrunk yarns interlace with each other in a plain Weave,the longitudinal monofilament yarns and said crossing monofilament yarnsinterlaee with each other in a plain weave and wherein each said shrunkyarn in the fabric floats over four said monofilament yarns repeatedlyon one side and then the other of the fabric along its length.

9. Fabric in accordance with claim 8 wherein the first shrunk yarns andsaid crossing shrunk yarns are monofilaments.

10. The method of producing a fabric which comprises weaving heatshrinkable synthetic warps with alternate monofilament synthetic warps,said monofilament synthetic warps being such that they will be longer byat least 15% of their original length in the fabric than said heatshrinkable Synthetic warps after a given shrinking treatment,interlacing heat shrinkable synthetic wefts and additional monofilamentsynthetic wefts, said monofilament synthetic wefts being such that theywill be longer by at least 15% of their original length in the fabricthan'said heat shrinkable synthetic wefts after said given shrinkingtreatment, interlacing said warps and said wefts to produce amultiplicity of discrete areas in the fabric at each of which saidmonofilament synthetic warps and said monofilament synthetic weftsappear at the same side or" the fabric and in which areas substantiallyall of said monofilament synthetic warps and said monofilament syntheticwefts float over a plurality of said heat shrinkable synthetic Wefts andsaid heat shrinkable synthetic warps respectively, passing saidmonofilament synthetic warps and said monofilament synthetic wefts tothe other side of said heat shrinkable yarns at the boundaries of saiddiscrete areas, and heating the fabric so produced to shrink said heatshrinkable synthetic warps and wefts at least 15% more than saidmonofilamerit synthetic warps and wefts to buckle said monofilamentsynthetic warps and Wefts.

11. A fabric which comprises heat shrunk synthetic yarns extending inone direction of the fabric, longitudinal synthetic monofilament yarnsextending unidirectionally with said heat shrunk synthetic yarns, saidsynthetic monofilaments being longer by at least 15% of their originallength in the fabric than the first said synthetic yarns after a givenshrinking treatment, crossing monofilament synthetic yarns crossing saidheat shrunk synthetic yarns, said crossing rnonofilaments being longerby at least 15% of their original length in the fabric than the firstsynthetic yarns after said given shrinking treatment, said heat shrunksynthetic yarns floating over a plurality of said crossing monofilamentyarns first on a first side of said crossing yarns and spaced therefromalong the length of the shrunk yarns then on a second side of saidcrossing yarns, said crossing yarns floating over a plurality of saidheat shrunk synthetic yarns first on a first side thereof and thenfloating over a plurality thereof on a second side of said heat shrunkyarns, said fabric being divided into a multiplicity of discrete areas,said longitudinal monofilament yarns and said crossing monofilamentyarns both appearing at the same side of the fabric in each discretearea and said longitudinal monofilament yarns and said crossingmonofilament yarns both appearing at the opposite side of the fabric inthe next adjacent discrete area along their length, said longitudinalmonofilament yarns and said crossing monofilament yarns being interlacedwith each other where they appear on the same side of the fabric in saiddiscrete areas, said monofilament synthetic yarns being buckled by theshrinking of said heat shrunk synthetic yarns.

12. Fabric in accordance with claim 11 wherein said monofilament yarnshave a cross sectional dimension of from .001 to .050".

13. Fabric in accordance with claim 12 wherein said monofilament yarnsare interlaced with each other in a plain weave at the discrete areas.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,168,876 Frissell Jan. 18, 1916 2,171,626 Dreyfus et al Sept. 5, 19392,288,397 French June 30, 1942 2,539,301 Foster Jan. 23, 1951 2,627,644Foster Feb. 10, 1953 2,635,648 Foster Apr. 21, 1953 2,789,340 CresswellApr. 23, 1957

10. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING A FABRIC WHICH COMPRISES WEAVING HEATSHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WARPS WITH ALTERNATE MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WARPS,SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WARPS BEING SUCH THAT THEY WILL BE LONGER BYAT LEAST 15% OF THEIR ORIGINAL LENGTH IN THE FABRIC THAN SAID HEATSHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WARPS AFTER A GIVEN SHRINKING TREATMENT,INTERLACING HEAT SHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WEFTS AND ADDITIONAL MONOFILAMENTSYNTHETIC WEFTTS, SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WEFTS BEING SUCH THAT THEYWILL BE LONGER BY AT LEAST 15% OF THEIR ORIGINAL LENGTH IN THE FABRICTHAN SAID HEAT SHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WEFTS AFTER SAID GIVEN SHRINKINGTREATMENT, INTERLACING SAID WARPS AND SAID WEFTS TO PRODUCE AMULTIPLICITY OF DISCREET AREAS IN THE FABRIC AT EACH OF WHICH SAIDMONOFILAMENT SYHTHETIC WARPS AND SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WEFTSAPPEAR AT THE SAME SIDE OF THE FABRIC AND IN WHICH AREAS SUBSTANTIALLYALL OF SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WARPS AND SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETICWEFTS FLOAT OVER A PLURALITY OF SAID HEAT SHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WEFTS ANDSAID HEAT SHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WARPS RESPECTIVELY, PASSING SAIDMONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WARPS AND SAID MONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WEFTS TOTHE OTHER SIDE OF SAID HEAT SHRINKABLE YARNS AT THE BOUNDARIES OF SAIDDISCRETE AREAS, AND HEATING THE FABRIC SO PRODUCED TO SHRINK SAID HEATSHRINKABLE SYNTHETIC WARPS AND WEFTS AT LEAST 15% MORE THAN SAIDMONOFILAMENT SYNTHETIC WARPS AND WEFTS TO BUCKLE SAID MONOFILAMENTSYNTHETIC WARPS AND WEFTS.